Hydrometra

Hydrometra is a rare medical condition characterized by the accumulation of watery fluid within the uterus. This condition primarily affects postmenopausal women and is often associated with cervical stenosis, a narrowing of the cervical canal. The stenosis prevents the normal drainage of secretions from the uterus, leading to fluid buildup.

The exact cause of cervical stenosis can vary. It may be a consequence of previous cervical surgery, radiation therapy for gynecological cancers, chronic infections, or instrumental dilation and curettage procedures. In some cases, the cause remains unknown.

Symptoms of hydrometra are often subtle and may include a feeling of pelvic fullness or pressure. Some women experience a watery vaginal discharge, especially if the fluid intermittently leaks through the narrowed cervix. Pain is not a typical symptom unless the uterus becomes significantly distended or infection occurs.

Diagnosis of hydrometra is usually made through a pelvic examination and confirmed with imaging studies such as a transvaginal ultrasound. Ultrasound can visualize the distended uterine cavity filled with fluid. Further investigation, such as a hysteroscopy, may be performed to identify the cause of cervical stenosis and assess the uterine lining.

Treatment for hydrometra focuses on relieving the cervical obstruction and draining the accumulated fluid. This typically involves surgical procedures to dilate the cervix and evacuate the uterine contents. Hormone therapy may sometimes be used to promote cervical softening and facilitate drainage. Regular follow-up is important to monitor for recurrence.