Hydrogeniperoksidin

Hydrogeniperoksidin, commonly known as hydrogen peroxide, is a chemical compound with the formula H₂O₂. It is a pale blue liquid in its pure form, though it is often used in a diluted aqueous solution. Hydrogen peroxide is a versatile oxidizer and disinfectant, widely utilized in various industries, including medicine, household cleaning, and environmental treatment.

In its pure form, hydrogen peroxide is unstable and decomposes into water (H₂O) and oxygen (O₂) gas, especially when exposed to light, heat, or catalysts. This decomposition releases energy, making it useful as a propellant in rocketry and spacecraft applications. Its oxidizing properties also make it effective in bleaching textiles, paper, and hair, as well as in the production of synthetic rubber and plastics.

Hydrogen peroxide is a common antiseptic and disinfectant in medical settings. Diluted solutions (typically 3%) are used to clean wounds, as they help remove debris and kill bacteria. However, concentrated solutions should be used with caution due to their corrosive nature and potential to cause skin irritation or burns.

In environmental applications, hydrogen peroxide is employed to treat wastewater and drinking water. It breaks down contaminants through oxidation, making it useful in advanced oxidation processes. Additionally, it is used in some industrial settings to remove organic pollutants from air and water streams.

The compound was first isolated in 1818 by the French chemist Louis Jacques Thénard, though its properties had been observed earlier. Today, hydrogen peroxide is produced industrially through the anthraquinone process or by direct synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen. It is available in various concentrations, from dilute solutions for household use to highly concentrated forms for industrial applications. Proper handling and storage are essential due to its reactivity and potential hazards.