Hyötyhaittaarviointi

Hyötyhaittaarviointi, known in English as cost-benefit analysis, is a systematic process used to evaluate the desirability of a decision, project, or policy. It involves comparing the total expected benefits against the total expected costs. The goal is to determine whether the potential advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages or expenditures. This method is widely applied in various fields, including economics, business, public policy, and environmental management, to aid in decision-making by providing a quantitative framework for assessment.

The process typically begins by identifying all potential benefits and costs associated with the option under consideration. Benefits can include financial gains, improved efficiency, enhanced well-being, or positive social impacts. Costs can encompass financial expenses, time investment, resource consumption, environmental damage, or negative social consequences. Once identified, these benefits and costs are quantified as much as possible, often in monetary terms, although qualitative factors may also be considered.

After quantification, a comparison is made. If the total benefits exceed the total costs, the option is generally considered justifiable or desirable. Conversely, if the costs are greater than the benefits, the option may be rejected or require modification. Hyötyhaittaarviointi helps decision-makers allocate resources efficiently, prioritize projects, and make informed choices by providing a structured and objective evaluation tool. It is particularly useful when comparing mutually exclusive alternatives.