HouphouëtBoigny
Félix Houphouët-Boigny (18 October 1905 – 7 December 1993) was an Ivorian statesman and physician who led Ivory Coast from the era of French colonial rule to independence and remained its long-serving president until his death. He was one of Africa's most enduring postwar leaders and shaped Ivory Coast's political and economic development.
Born in Yamoussoukro to a Baoulé family, Houphouët trained as a medical doctor in Europe and returned
Ivory Coast gained independence in 1960, and Houphouët-Boigny became the first president, a position he held
His presidency saw relative political stability and rapid economic growth, but it also faced criticism for