Hospitalization

Hospitalization refers to admission to a hospital for medical care that requires close monitoring, intensive treatment, or surgical intervention. It is distinct from outpatient or ambulatory care, in which services are provided without overnight stay. Reasons for hospitalization include acute illness, injury, surgical procedures, or the need for complex diagnostic testing and management.

Admission can be emergent, urgent, or elective, and is based on medical necessity rather than preference alone. The patient may be admitted to general medical floors or specialized units (such as intensive care, obstetrics, or rehabilitation). Length of stay varies with the illness, treatment plan, and response to care.

During hospitalization, a multidisciplinary team provides care, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, therapists, and social workers. Care plans address diagnosis, medications, procedures, nutrition, safety, and discharge goals. Common activities include monitoring, laboratory tests, imaging, surgical procedures, and medication administration. Hospitals implement infection control, fall prevention, and patient safety practices, and protect patient privacy and rights.

Discharge planning begins early and aims to ensure safe transition to home or another care setting. Criteria for discharge reflect clinical stability and the ability to manage aftercare, including medications, follow-up appointments, and potential home health or rehabilitation services. Readmission can occur if health problems recur or new issues arise.

Hospitalization involves costs and coverage considerations, and differs across health systems. Access to inpatient care and quality measures influence outcomes. Ethical considerations include informed consent, patient autonomy, and equitable treatment.