Hortensia

Hortensia is the common name used in several languages for the flowering plant genus Hydrangea, a group of deciduous or evergreen shrubs in the family Hydrangeaceae. Native to Asia and the Americas, hydrangeas are widely cultivated as ornamental plants for their large, showy inflorescences and attractive foliage.

The genus Hydrangea comprises numerous species, among which the most commonly cultivated are Hydrangea macrophylla (bigleaf hydrangea), Hydrangea paniculata (panicle hydrangea), Hydrangea arborescens (smooth hydrangea) and Hydrangea quercifolia (oakleaf hydrangea). They characteristically form rounded or spreading shrubs with opposite leaves and large flower clusters that can be mophead or lacecap in type.

Flower heads consist of sterile showy florets surrounding fertile ones. In H. macrophylla, flower color is influenced by soil pH and aluminum availability, producing blue blooms in acidic soils and pink in alkaline soils. Many cultivars are bred for large blossoms, strong stems, or unique colors, including variegated or dwarf forms.

Cultivation and care: Hydrangeas prefer partial shade and consistently moist, well-drained soil. They require regular watering and some protection in hot climates. Pruning depends on the species: some bloom on old wood and should be pruned after flowering, while others bloom on new wood and are pruned in late winter or early spring.

Pests and diseases include aphids, scale, spider mites, and powdery mildew; root rot can occur in poorly drained soils. Hydrangeas are generally non-toxic to humans; parts contain compounds that can be toxic if ingested by pets or children, so caution is advised around animals.

Hortensia is also used as a feminine given name in several languages, reflecting the plant’s cultural presence in gardens and landscapes.