Hornhautödemen

Hornhautödemen, also known as corneal edema, refers to the swelling of the cornea, the transparent outer layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil. This swelling occurs when excess fluid accumulates in the corneal stroma, the thickest layer of the cornea.

The cornea normally maintains a relatively dry state due to the active pumping action of its inner layer, the endothelium, which prevents fluid buildup. When this pumping mechanism is compromised or when there is an increase in fluid supply, edema can develop.

Several factors can lead to the development of hornhautödemen. These include prolonged wear of contact lenses, especially if they are not properly fitted or cleaned, or if worn for excessive periods. Ocular surgery, such as cataract surgery or refractive surgery, can also cause temporary corneal swelling. Certain eye conditions, like Fuchs' dystrophy, keratoconus, or iritis, can disrupt endothelial function and lead to edema. Trauma to the eye, including abrasions or chemical burns, can also induce swelling. In some cases, a sudden increase in intraocular pressure (acute angle-closure glaucoma) can cause corneal edema.

Symptoms of hornhautödemen can vary depending on the severity and cause. Common signs include blurred vision, a hazy or cloudy appearance of the cornea, halos around lights, increased sensitivity to light (photophobia), and a sensation of having something in the eye. In more severe cases, pain and a decrease in visual acuity may occur.

Diagnosis is typically made by an eye care professional through a comprehensive eye examination, which may include visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination to observe the cornea, and tonometry to measure intraocular pressure.

Treatment for hornhautödemen aims to reduce the swelling and address the underlying cause. This often involves discontinuing contact lens wear, using topical hypertonic saline solutions to draw out excess fluid, or prescribing steroid eye drops to reduce inflammation. If an underlying condition is identified, specific treatment for that condition will be initiated. In severe or persistent cases, surgical interventions may be considered.