Horncarving

Horncarving is the craft of shaping and decorating animal horn material into vessels, handles, utensils, and ornamental objects. The main material is the keratin horn sheath from cattle, goats, or sheep; some pieces use the inner horn tissue or are reinforced with metal mounts or inlays. The practice has appeared in many cultures and periods.

Techniques include planing, cutting, hollowing for vessels, and surface decoration through engraving, relief carving, and chiseling. Finishing involves smoothing with abrasives and polishing. Artisans may heat horn to bend curves and are careful to avoid cracking. Attachments, inlays, and metal fittings are common to increase strength or add contrast.

History and use: Horn cups, goblets, and drinking horns have long been valued for durability and ceremonial associations. Carvings ranged from simple utilitarian items to elaborate pieces, with regional styles and motifs. In various traditions, hornwork accompanied religious rites, feasts, and displays of status.

Modern practice: Contemporary horncarving is pursued by dedicated craftspeople and enthusiasts. It often emphasizes sustainable sourcing and collaboration with metalwork, wood, or enamel. Market forms include standalone sculptures, museum pieces, and custom commissions. Ethical and legal considerations address animal welfare and restricted trade for certain horn species.

Related crafts include bone carving, antler carving, and ivory carving.