Hjärtlyssning

Hjärtlyssning, commonly known as cardiac auscultation in English, is a medical technique used to listen to the sounds produced by the heart. The process involves placing a stethoscope against the chest to detect and evaluate heart sounds, murmurs, and other abnormal noises. This method is a fundamental part of a physical examination, particularly in cardiology, as it helps healthcare professionals assess the function and health of the heart.

The heart produces two primary sounds during each cardiac cycle: the first sound (S1) and the second sound (S2). S1, often described as a "lub," occurs at the beginning of systole when the mitral and tricuspid valves close. S2, known as a "dup," marks the beginning of diastole with the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves. Abnormal sounds, such as murmurs, clicks, or rubs, may indicate underlying conditions like valve disorders, congenital heart defects, or other cardiac issues.

A skilled clinician can use hjärtlyssning to identify the location, timing, and characteristics of these sounds, which can provide clues about the patient’s condition. For example, a murmur may suggest turbulent blood flow due to a narrowed or leaky valve. While hjärtlyssning is a valuable tool, it is often complemented by other diagnostic methods, such as electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, or blood tests, to confirm a diagnosis.

The technique requires proper training and experience, as variations in patient anatomy, positioning, and technique can influence the results. Proper placement of the stethoscope—typically over specific areas of the chest corresponding to the heart’s valves—is essential for accurate auscultation. Hjärtlyssning remains a quick, non-invasive, and cost-effective way to screen for cardiac abnormalities in both clinical and outpatient settings.