Hjartsláttaróreglu

Hjartsláttaróreglu, also known as arrhythmia, refers to a group of conditions characterized by an irregular heartbeat. This can manifest as the heart beating too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or with an irregular rhythm. The electrical signals that control the heart's coordinated contractions can become disrupted, leading to these abnormalities.

There are numerous causes for hjartsláttaróreglu. Congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, thyroid problems, and certain medications can all contribute. Lifestyle factors such as excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption, smoking, and stress can also play a role. In some cases, the cause may be unknown.

Symptoms can vary widely depending on the type and severity of the arrhythmia. Some individuals may experience no noticeable symptoms, while others might feel palpitations, a fluttering sensation in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or even fainting. Severe arrhythmias can lead to more serious complications like stroke or sudden cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) to record the heart's electrical activity. Further tests such as Holter monitoring (a portable ECG worn for 24-48 hours), event monitors, or electrophysiology studies may be used to identify specific types of arrhythmias.

Treatment for hjartsláttaróreglu depends on the underlying cause and the individual's symptoms. Options may include lifestyle modifications, medications to regulate heart rate or rhythm, or procedures like cardioversion, ablation, or implantation of a pacemaker or defibrillator. Regular medical follow-up is often recommended.