Hjärtarytmier

Hjärtarytmier, also known as arrhythmias, are conditions where the heart beats too fast, too slow, or irregularly. This can happen if the electrical signals that coordinate the heart's contractions are not working properly. The heart's normal rhythm is controlled by a natural pacemaker and a specialized electrical pathway. When this system malfunctions, it leads to an arrhythmia.

Symptoms of heart rhythm problems can vary greatly. Some people experience no symptoms at all, while others may feel palpitations (a fluttering or pounding sensation in the chest), dizziness, shortness of breath, chest pain, or even fainting. The severity of symptoms often depends on the type and duration of the arrhythmia, as well as the individual's overall health.

There are many different types of heart rhythm disorders. Some common examples include atrial fibrillation, where the upper chambers of the heart beat erratically, and bradycardia, a slow heart rate. Tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate. The causes can be diverse, including heart disease, high blood pressure, thyroid problems, certain medications, stress, and even genetic factors.

Diagnosing heart rhythm problems typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), which records the heart's electrical activity. Other tests, such as Holter monitoring (a portable ECG worn for 24-48 hours) or event recorders, may be used to capture intermittent arrhythmias. Treatment depends on the specific type of arrhythmia and its severity. It can range from lifestyle changes and medication to more invasive procedures like pacemakers, cardioversion, or catheter ablation. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are important to prevent complications and improve quality of life.