Hipotireózis

Hipotireózis, also known as an underactive thyroid, is a medical condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. These hormones are essential for regulating the body's metabolism, influencing energy levels, body temperature, and the function of many organs. When thyroid hormone levels are too low, many bodily functions slow down.

The symptoms of hypothyroidism can vary widely and often develop gradually, making them easy to overlook. Common signs include fatigue, increased sensitivity to cold, constipation, dry skin, unexplained weight gain, puffy face, hoarseness, muscle weakness, and thinning hair. In some cases, individuals might experience joint pain or stiffness, depression, and slowed heart rate. Children with hypothyroidism may exhibit developmental delays and impaired growth.

Hypothyroidism can be caused by several factors. The most common cause in many parts of the world is an autoimmune disorder called Hashimoto's thyroiditis, where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes include thyroid surgery, radiation therapy to the neck, certain medications, and deficiencies in iodine. In some instances, the condition can be congenital, meaning it is present at birth.

Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to measure levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormones like thyroxine (T4). Treatment usually involves hormone replacement therapy, where synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine) is taken daily. This medication helps restore hormone levels to normal and alleviate symptoms. With proper treatment, most people with hypothyroidism can lead normal, healthy lives.