Hipertireoidizma

Hipertireoidizma, also known as an overactive thyroid, is a condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The thyroid gland, located in the neck, produces hormones that regulate metabolism, affecting heart rate, body temperature, and energy expenditure. In hyperthyroidism, this overproduction leads to an accelerated metabolism.

Common causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, stimulating it to produce excess hormones. Another cause is toxic multinodular goiter, where nodules on the thyroid gland produce too much hormone independently. Thyroiditis, an inflammation of the thyroid, can also temporarily cause hyperthyroidism.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary but often include unintentional weight loss, a rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, tremors, increased sweating, heat intolerance, and changes in menstrual patterns in women. Some individuals may also experience enlarged thyroid (goiter) or eye problems, particularly with Graves' disease.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels (TSH, T3, and T4), and sometimes imaging tests like a thyroid scan or ultrasound. Treatment aims to reduce the production or effects of thyroid hormones and may include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland. The choice of treatment depends on the cause, severity, and individual patient factors.