Hipertensione

Hipertensione, also known as high blood pressure, is a common medical condition where the long-term force of the blood against artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) and consists of two numbers. The top number, systolic pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. The bottom number, diastolic pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.

Normal blood pressure is generally considered to be less than 120/80 mm Hg. Hypertension is typically diagnosed when blood pressure readings are consistently 130/80 mm Hg or higher. There are two main types: primary hypertension, which develops gradually over many years with no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which is caused by an underlying condition such as kidney problems, thyroid issues, or certain medications.

Risk factors for hypertension include age, family history, obesity, a diet high in salt, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Stress can also contribute to high blood pressure. Many people with hypertension have no symptoms. However, in severe cases, symptoms can include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and dizziness.

Untreated hypertension can lead to serious health complications, including heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, and vision loss. Diagnosis is made through regular blood pressure monitoring. Treatment typically involves lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased exercise, weight loss, and quitting smoking. Medications may also be prescribed to help lower blood pressure. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider are essential for managing hypertension.