Heteromys

The genus *Heteromys* comprises a group of small to medium-sized rodents known as spiny pocket mice, belonging to the family Heteromyidae. These animals are native to the Americas, primarily inhabiting regions from southern Texas and the southwestern United States through Central America and into parts of South America. They are characterized by their spiny fur, particularly on the back and sides, which provides camouflage among rocky or thorny habitats. Their name derives from the Greek words *heteros* (different) and *mys* (mouse), reflecting their distinct appearance compared to other rodents.

Spiny pocket mice possess large cheek pouches that extend behind their ears, allowing them to store food for later consumption. They are primarily nocturnal and omnivorous, feeding on seeds, insects, fruits, and occasionally small vertebrates. These rodents are well-adapted to arid environments, with adaptations such as reduced water loss through specialized kidneys and the ability to obtain moisture from their diet. Some species also exhibit burrowing behavior, constructing complex tunnel systems for shelter and nesting.

The genus includes approximately 20 recognized species, with variations in size, coloration, and habitat preferences. For example, *Heteromys desmarestianus*, the common spiny pocket mouse, is widespread across Central America, while *Heteromys australis*, found in South America, inhabits dense forests. Conservation status varies among species, with some facing threats from habitat destruction and fragmentation, particularly in deforested or urbanized areas.

Spiny pocket mice play a role in their ecosystems as both prey for predators like snakes and birds of prey and as seed dispersers, contributing to plant propagation. Their unique adaptations and ecological niche make them an important subject of study in mammalogy and conservation biology. Research on these rodents also provides insights into evolutionary biology, particularly regarding their specialized traits for survival in diverse environments.