Herpesvírus

Herpesvírus is a family of viruses that can cause a range of infections in humans and animals. There are many different types of herpesviruses, and they are spread through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, such as saliva, mucus, or sores. Some common herpesviruses include herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, which are responsible for cold sores and genital herpes. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) causes chickenpox and shingles. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is linked to infectious mononucleosis. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause mild illness or be more serious in immunocompromised individuals. Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and 7 (HHV-7) are common in children and typically cause roseola. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.

Once a person is infected with a herpesvirus, the virus typically remains in the body for life, often in a dormant state. Reactivation can occur, leading to recurrent symptoms or asymptomatic shedding. Symptoms vary widely depending on the specific virus and the site of infection, and can include blisters, sores, fever, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation, but laboratory tests can confirm infection. While there is no cure for herpesvirus infections, antiviral medications can help manage symptoms, reduce the frequency of outbreaks, and lower the risk of transmission. Prevention often involves avoiding direct contact with sores or bodily fluids from an infected person.