HerpessimplexKeratitis

HerpessimplexKeratitis is an ocular condition affecting the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, caused by the herpes simplex virus, most commonly herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). This infection can manifest in various forms, ranging from mild superficial inflammation to severe, sight-threatening ulcerations.

The initial infection with HSV-1 often occurs in childhood, typically as cold sores around the mouth. In many individuals, the virus remains dormant in nerve cells. However, it can reactivate later in life, leading to herpetic eye disease. Triggers for reactivation can include stress, sunlight exposure, fever, or trauma to the eye.

Symptoms of HerpessimplexKeratitis can include eye pain, redness, blurred vision, light sensitivity (photophobia), and a gritty sensation in the eye. In some cases, a characteristic branching pattern, known as a dendritiform ulcer, may be visible on the cornea upon examination with a special dye.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation and a medical history. Ophthalmic examination with a slit lamp is crucial for identifying corneal changes. Laboratory tests, such as viral cultures or PCR, can confirm the presence of HSV.

Treatment typically involves antiviral medications, such as acyclovir or ganciclovir, administered either topically as eye drops or ointments, or orally. Corticosteroid eye drops may be used in specific non-infectious inflammatory stages to reduce swelling, but their use requires careful monitoring to avoid worsening the viral infection. Prompt and appropriate treatment is essential to prevent complications like corneal scarring or vision loss. Recurrences are possible and can lead to progressive damage to the cornea.