Herons

Herons are long-legged, long-necked wading birds in the family Ardeidae. They inhabit wetlands, rivers, lakes, and coastal areas around much of the world, from temperate to tropical regions. Size ranges from small to large, with the great blue heron being one of the best-known North American species.

Herons favor shallow water where they can stalk fish and other prey. They hunt by standing still or slowly wading, then striking quickly with a spear-like bill. Diet primarily includes fish, but also amphibians, reptiles, small mammals, crustaceans, and insects. Some species are more active foragers or plunge into the water to catch prey.

Nesting typically occurs in trees or shrubs near water, often in colonies. Courtship displays involve mutual preening, bill tapping, and sky-pointing postures. Nests are built from sticks, and both parents share incubation duties. Eggs are usually pale blue or greenish. Chicks hatch featherless or with sparse down and require several weeks before fledging.

Taxonomically, herons and their close relatives are grouped under Ardeidae, which includes many species commonly called herons and egrets. Notable examples include the great blue heron (Ardea herodias), the grey heron (Ardea cinerea), and the green heron (Butorides virescens). The cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis) and the little blue heron (Egretta caerulea) are also widely recognized.

Conservation status varies by species. Most widespread herons are not currently endangered, but wetland loss, pollution, and human disturbance threaten some populations and localized colonies. Some species have adapted to human-altered landscapes, while others remain sensitive indicators of aquatic ecosystem health.