Hearturchins

Hearturchins are a group of echinoids, or sea urchins, characterized by their distinctive heart-shaped test, or internal skeleton. They belong to the family *Schizasteridae* and are primarily found in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in coral reef environments. Unlike many other sea urchins, hearturchins possess a unique, flattened body structure that allows them to attach themselves to substrates like rocks or coral.

These echinoids typically exhibit a slow-moving lifestyle, often remaining stationary or moving only short distances. Their tests are usually covered in spines that vary in color, often blending with the surrounding environment to provide camouflage. Hearturchins feed primarily on algae and detritus, using their Aristotle’s lantern—a complex feeding apparatus—to scrape and consume organic material from surfaces.

Several species within this group are notable for their vibrant coloration, including shades of purple, blue, and green, which may serve as a form of defense against predators. Some species, such as *Schizaster nodosus*, are commonly encountered in shallow reefs, while others inhabit deeper waters. Hearturchins play a role in maintaining ecological balance by controlling algal growth, which can otherwise outcompete coral.

Due to their specialized habitat requirements, hearturchins are not widely distributed outside their native ranges. They are generally not targeted for human consumption but may be collected by aquarium enthusiasts for their aesthetic appeal. Conservation efforts are important for protecting their reef habitats, as these urchins are sensitive to environmental changes such as pollution and coral degradation.