Haridusvaldkonnad

Haridusvaldkonnad is an umbrella term used to describe the different sectors within the education system. In Estonia, the term covers all levels of learning and training, from early childhood education to adult and continuing education, as well as education for learners with special needs. The aim is to provide access to knowledge, develop skills, and support lifelong learning.

The main educational fields include general education, vocational education and training, higher education, and continuing education. General education comprises põhiharidus (basic education) and gümnaasium (upper secondary education). Põhiharidus typically lasts nine years and forms the foundation for further studies, while gümnaasium is usually a three-year program preparing students for tertiary education or work. Kutseharidus (vocational education and training) offers practical qualifications and can be pursued independently or together with general education. Higher education (kõrgharidus) includes universities (ülikoolid) and professional higher education institutions. Täiendõpe (continuing education) encompasses adult education and lifelong learning opportunities, often aimed at skill upgrading or career changes. Special education (eripedagoogika) addresses the needs of learners with special requirements and aims to ensure inclusive education.

Policy and governance are shared between national and local authorities. The Ministry of Education and Research (Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium) sets national strategies and curricula, while local governments handle day-to-day implementation. The education system is funded through state and municipal budgets, with additional support from European Union programs. Ongoing reforms focus on inclusivity, digital skills, quality assurance, and international cooperation to align with European education standards and lifelong learning objectives.