Handetching

Handetching is a printmaking technique that involves creating an image on a metal plate using acid or a mordant. The process begins with preparing a metal plate, typically copper or zinc, by cleaning it thoroughly. A ground, a protective coating made of wax or varnish, is then applied to the plate's surface. The artist then uses a sharp tool to scratch through the ground, exposing the metal in specific areas where they want the acid to etch.

Once the drawing is complete on the plate, it is submerged in a bath of acid. The acid attacks the exposed metal, creating recessed lines or areas. The longer the plate remains in the acid, the deeper and darker the etch will be. This process can be repeated multiple times, with the artist re-applying ground and further etching to build up tonal values and detail. After the etching is complete, the ground is removed, and the plate is inked. Ink is applied to the recessed areas, and the excess ink is wiped from the surface.

Finally, paper is placed over the inked plate, and pressure is applied, typically through a printing press. The pressure forces the paper into the recessed etched areas, picking up the ink and transferring the image. Handetching allows for a wide range of lines, from fine delicate marks to broad, textured areas, making it a versatile technique for artists. The resulting prints are known for their rich, velvety blacks and the subtle variations in tone that can be achieved.