Halvaus

Halvaus is the Finnish term for paralysis, a condition in which voluntary muscle movement and/or sensation in a part of the body is reduced or lost. It can be temporary or permanent, and may affect a single limb or the entire body depending on the underlying cause.

Causes of halvaus include disorders of the brain or spinal cord, nerve damage, or muscular disease. Central paralysis often results from a brain injury or stroke (aivohalvaus), while peripheral paralysis can follow nerve damage such as Guillain-Barré syndrome or nerve injuries. Other causes include spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophies, and certain infections or autoimmune conditions.

Symptoms vary by location and cause but commonly include weakness, inability to move a limb, numbness, altered sensation, speech or swallowing difficulties, facial weakness, or loss of reflexes. Diagnosis involves medical history and examination, followed by imaging tests such as CT or MRI, and sometimes electrophysiological studies, lumbar puncture, or blood tests to determine underlying cause.

Treatment depends on cause and may include emergency care for stroke or spinal injury, medications to address the underlying condition, and rehabilitation. Rehabilitation programs—physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy—aim to restore function and prevent complications. Use of assistive devices and lifestyle changes may be required. Prognosis varies widely; some recover mobility partially or fully, while others experience lasting disability.