Haavandeid

Haavandeid is the Estonian term for wounds, which in medical English describe injuries to skin or mucous membranes caused by physical trauma. Wounds range from minor scrapes to deep lacerations or burns and may be acute or chronic.

Wounds are classified by depth, mechanism, and contamination. Common types include abrasions (superficial scrapes), incisions (clean, sharp cuts), lacerations (torn edges), puncture wounds, avulsions (tissues torn away), and burns. Deep or contaminated wounds carry a higher risk of infection and may require more extensive treatment.

Healing proceeds through four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The speed and outcome depend on the wound’s size and location, tissue loss, blood supply, and the patient’s overall health.

First aid and care emphasize cleaning, protection, and preventing infection. Rinse minor wounds with clean water, avoid harsh scrubbing or hydrogen peroxide, control bleeding, and cover with a sterile dressing. Ensure tetanus vaccination is up to date. Seek medical care for deep wounds, wounds with heavy bleeding, contamination, signs of infection, or wounds on the face or hands.

Clinical management may include wound debridement, appropriate dressings to keep the wound moist, infection control, and treatment of underlying conditions (such as diabetes or vascular disease) that impede healing. Chronic wounds may require specialized care, compression therapy for leg ulcers, or offloading for pressure injuries.

Common complications include infection, delayed healing, scarring, and contractures. Preventive measures include safety practices, proper wound hygiene, timely treatment, and vaccination where relevant.