HDLkoleszterint

HDLkoleszterint, commonly called HDL cholesterol, refers to the cholesterol carried by high-density lipoprotein particles in the bloodstream. HDL participates in reverse cholesterol transport, a process in which cholesterol is removed from peripheral tissues and arterial walls and delivered to the liver for excretion or reuse. The particles contain apolipoprotein A-I as a major protein and exist in several subtypes that differ in size and density.

HDL-C is measured as part of a standard lipid panel. In mg/dL, higher values indicate more HDL cholesterol; in mmol/L, the equivalent values are smaller numeric figures (1 mg/dL ≈ 0.0267 mmol/L; 60 mg/dL ≈ 1.55 mmol/L). Clinically, HDL-C below 40 mg/dL in men and below 50 mg/dL in women is considered low, while levels above 60 mg/dL are commonly viewed as protective against cardiovascular disease. However, HDL cholesterol level alone does not fully predict risk, because HDL function and particle composition also matter.

Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between HDL-C and cardiovascular risk, but drugs designed to raise HDL-C have not consistently reduced events. Lifestyle factors such as regular aerobic exercise, weight management, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol use can modestly raise HDL-C. Diets rich in unsaturated fats and soluble fiber may help indirectly. No pharmacologic therapy currently has demonstrated clear cardiovascular benefit by solely raising HDL-C, so guidelines emphasize lowering LDL cholesterol and managing blood pressure, diabetes, and other risk factors.