Günekoloogilise

Günekoloogiline is the Estonian adjective relating to gynecology. Gynecology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, and external genitalia, as well as related hormonal and reproductive aspects. The term gynecology derives from the Greek gyna, woman, and logos, study.

In practice, günekoloogiline care covers diagnosis, treatment, and management of conditions affecting female reproductive organs, as well as routine preventive care and some aspects of obstetric care (pregnancy and childbirth are closely related fields). Gynecologists address puberty, fertility, contraception, and menopause, and may collaborate with other specialties when systemic conditions affect reproductive health.

Common conditions include menstrual disorders, endometriosis, benign uterine fibroids, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cysts, infections, cervical dysplasia and cancer, and pelvic organ prolapse. Diagnostic tools include medical history and physical examination, pelvic examination, Pap smear, HPV testing, ultrasound, MRI, colposcopy, and, when needed, hysteroscopy or laparoscopy.

Treatments vary by condition and may involve medication (hormonal therapies, analgesics, antibiotics), surgical procedures (minimally invasive laparoscopy, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, tubal ligation), and assisted reproductive technologies in cases of infertility. Preventive care includes cervical cancer screening, HPV vaccination, safe sex education, and guidance on contraception and menopause management.

Gynecology is integral to women’s health and intersects with broader medical fields such as endocrinology, oncology, and obstetrics. It continues to evolve with advances in imaging, minimally invasive surgery, and fertility treatment, aiming to improve quality of life and reproductive health across the lifespan.