Gyullad

Gyullad is primarily a Hungarian term connected with the concept of inflammation. In standard medical usage, the noun gyulladás is used for inflammation, while gyullad as a standalone form is uncommon in modern medical language. In Hungarian, gyullad can also be a verb meaning to inflame or to ignite, with forms such as begyullad meaning to catch fire. In English-language medical writing, the term inflammation is used rather than gyullad.

Inflammation is a protective biological response of body tissues to injury, infection, or irritation. Its purpose is to remove the damaging stimulus and begin healing. Inflammation can be acute, developing quickly and resolving within days, or chronic, persisting for weeks or longer and potentially contributing to tissue damage.

Causes of inflammation include infections (bacterial, viral, fungal), physical injury (cuts, sprains), chemical irritants, autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases, and prolonged exposure to irritants such as toxins or radiation. The inflammatory process involves immune cells and mediators that cause vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and the accumulation of fluid and immune cells at the affected site.

Common signs and symptoms are redness, heat or warmth, swelling, pain, and sometimes reduced function of the affected area. Systemic signs such as fever may occur with widespread or significant infections.

Diagnosis is typically clinical, supported by laboratory tests (for example, C-reactive protein or erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and imaging when needed to determine the cause and location of inflammation.

Treatment targets the underlying cause and may include analgesics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids in specific situations, antibiotics for infections, and supportive measures such as rest, ice, compression, or elevation. Chronic inflammation requires ongoing management of the underlying trigger.