Gyomorrák

Gyomorrák, also known as stomach cancer, is a malignant tumor arising from the lining of the stomach. It is a significant health concern worldwide, particularly prevalent in East Asia, Eastern Europe, and parts of Central and South America. The disease typically develops slowly over many years and may remain asymptomatic in early stages.

The primary risk factors for gyomorrák include infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria, a diet rich in smoked, salted, or poorly preserved foods, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and a family history of gastric cancer. Other contributing factors may involve certain genetic syndromes and chronic gastritis.

Symptoms of stomach cancer are often vague and may include persistent indigestion, abdominal discomfort or pain, nausea, weight loss, and difficulty swallowing. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as vomiting blood or passing black stools may occur, indicating bleeding in the stomach.

Diagnosis is usually established through endoscopy, allowing direct visualization and biopsy of suspicious lesions. Imaging modalities like CT scans or ultrasound are used to determine the extent of spread. Laboratory tests may also assist in diagnosis and staging.

Treatment options depend on the stage of the cancer and can include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or targeted therapies. Early detection significantly improves prognosis, but in many cases, gyomorrák is diagnosed at advanced stages when the prognosis remains guarded.

Preventive measures emphasize lifestyle modifications, such as reducing intake of salt and smoked foods, smoking cessation, and treating Helicobacter pylori infections. Regular medical check-ups are recommended for high-risk populations to facilitate early detection and improve outcomes.