Graphitartige

Graphitartige is a German term used to describe materials or substances whose structure and properties resemble graphite, but which are not pure crystalline graphite. In practice, it denotes carbon-rich materials that show graphite-like layering of carbon atoms yet exhibit varying degrees of disorder or partial graphitization.

The core characteristic of graphitartige substances is their layered, sp2-hybridized carbon structure. Each layer consists of hexagonal carbon sheets with strong in-plane bonds, while the layers are held together by weaker van der Waals forces. This arrangement leads to anisotropic properties, including relatively high electrical conductivity along the layers and lubricating, low-friction behavior between layers, as well as chemical inertness in many environments.

Natural occurrence and classification: In geology and materials science, graphitartige Kohlenstoffe refer to carbonaceous materials that display some degree of graphitic ordering but do not form perfect graphite. They exist on a continuum from disordered or turbostratic carbon to partially graphitized residues. The extent of graphitization is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, and processing time. Graphitartige materials can be precursors to graphite or products of partial graphitization, including certain pitches, cokes, and carbon fibers, as well as graphene-like sheets in some forms of carbon black or turbostratic carbon.

Production and applications: Graphitartige materials are often produced or transformed by high-temperature treatment, such as pyrolysis or graphitization of organic precursors. Applications include battery anodes, electrodes for electrochemical devices, lubricants in specialized settings, and refractory materials where graphite-like conductivity and lubrication are advantageous.

Terminology and context: The term is mainly used in German-language literature and serves to describe materials located on the spectrum between non-graphitized carbon and crystalline graphite, highlighting shared structural features without implying pure graphite.