Grafietanode

Grafietanode is a nanoscale graphite-based electrode unit proposed as a modular building block for energy storage devices. The term combines graphite and anode concepts and is used in discussions of reconfigurable electrode architectures. In its typical conception, a grafietanode consists of a small crystalline graphite domain with controlled interlayer spacing and surface functionalization intended to improve ion access and electronic conductivity.

Origin and usage: The concept appears in theoretical and speculative literature as a way to describe modular electrode elements that can be assembled into larger networks. It is not a universally adopted standard material designation and is mainly used to illustrate architectural ideas rather than specify a single material.

Structure and properties: Grafietanodes are envisioned as 50–200 nm lateral domains with edge-plane exposure that promotes ion intercalation. They maintain high electrical conductivity and mechanical stability during cycling, and when linked into networks they can form three-dimensional lattices that increase active surface area.

Fabrication and integration: Possible fabrication routes include chemical vapor deposition to grow graphitic domains, exfoliation of graphite followed by transfer, or templated synthesis. In devices, grafietanodes are usually incorporated with binders and conductive additives and connected to current collectors to form modular cells or panels.

Applications and performance: They are discussed for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and flexible energy devices. The modular approach aims to improve rate capability, shorten diffusion paths, and enable scalable manufacturing, while challenges include volume changes, SEI formation, interconnection resistance, and cost.

See also: Graphite, Anode, Graphene, Energy storage, Electrode materials.