Gomphidae

Gomphidae is a family of dragonflies in the order Odonata, commonly known as clubtails. The family contains around 90 described species across several genera, with the type genus being Gomphus. Members are characterized by eyes that are clearly separated on the head, a relatively stout body, and, in many species, a broad club at the tip of the abdomen. Wings are typically clear and of similar shape to other dragonflies, and the venation provides the general Gomphidae silhouette.

Gomphids occur on most continents, with the greatest species diversity in temperate regions. They are strongly associated with freshwater habitats, especially streams and rivers, though some occur around lakes and ponds. Larvae (naiads) are aquatic and spend months to years buried in the substrate, preying on smaller aquatic organisms; adults emerge after metamorphosis and feed on flying insects. Adults are usually strong fliers and often perch openly near the water’s edge.

Ecology and conservation: Gomphidae are sensitive to water quality and habitat disturbance; pollution, siltation, and dam construction can reduce populations. Because of their habitat associations, they serve as indicators of freshwater ecosystem health and are appreciated by naturalists for their distinctive morphological features.