Goat

Goats are domesticated ruminant mammals in the family Bovidae, with the scientific name Capra aegagrus hircus. They descend from the wild goat of the mountains of Eurasia and Africa and were domesticated around 10,000 years ago for milk, meat, fiber, and labor. Domestic goats are kept worldwide across diverse climates and exhibit extensive breed diversity.

Physically, goats range from small to medium size and possess cloven hooves, horns in most individuals of both sexes, and often beards. They are known for agility and can navigate rocky terrain. As ruminants, they have a four-chamber stomach that enables efficient digestion of fibrous plant material.

Behavior and reproduction: Goats are social animals that form herds with relatively stable hierarchies. They are curious and intelligent, often exploring their surroundings. They can be escape artists and require secure fencing. Most breeds breed seasonally; gestation is about 145 to 155 days, and kids are typically born in twins or singles.

Uses: Milk is a major product and is consumed directly or made into cheese and yogurt. Meat is widely consumed. Certain breeds are kept for fiber, such as Angora goats (mohair) and cashmere goats (cashmere). Goats also provide hides and manure for fertilizer. Common dairy breeds include Saanen, Nubian, and Alpine; meat breeds include Boer; fiber breeds include Angora and Cashmere.

Health and welfare: Goats may suffer from parasitic infections, pneumonia, and reproductive issues. They require proper nutrition, shelter, and vaccination where applicable. Some local goat breeds are endangered or at risk of extinction, while the species as a whole is not.