Glyphosatebased

Glyphosate-based herbicides refer to products that contain glyphosate as the active ingredient, often formulated with surfactants and other co-formulants to aid weed uptake. They are among the most widely used herbicides worldwide, applied in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and non-crop management for non-selective weed control.

Glyphosate works by inhibiting the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimate pathway, blocking the synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids and ultimately causing plant death. The target pathway is not present in animals, so the acute dietary toxicity to humans is typically low, though handlers may face irritation or exposure risks and safety guidelines are followed.

Uses and resistance: Glyphosate-based products are used on a range of crops, including those engineered to tolerate glyphosate. Over time, widespread use has led to the emergence of glyphosate-resistant weed species, prompting changes in management practices and the adoption of integrated weed control strategies.

Regulation and safety: Glyphosate-containing products have been approved by many national and international authorities, but regulatory conclusions vary. Some agencies classify glyphosate as unlikely to pose carcinogenic hazards to humans, while others have categorized it as probably carcinogenic. Regulatory frameworks generally require labeling, usage instructions, and protective equipment to minimize exposure, and address environmental considerations.

Environmental considerations and controversy: Research examines persistence, runoff, effects on non-target organisms, soil microbial communities, and potential impacts on water quality. The issue of glyphosate-related resistance and ongoing regulatory reviews contribute to continued public debate and policy development.