Glutes

Glutes is a common shorthand for the gluteal muscles, a group of three large muscles located in the buttocks: the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus is the largest and is primarily involved in hip extension and external rotation. The gluteus medius and gluteus minimus lie deeper and are key abductors of the hip; they also assist with internal rotation and help stabilize the pelvis during movement.

Innervation and blood supply: The gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve, while the gluteus medius and minimus are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve. Blood supply comes from the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, providing branches to all three muscles.

Function: Together, the gluteal muscles stabilize the pelvis during walking and running, permit directional leg movements, and transmit forces between the upper and lower body. They contribute to activities such as climbing, jumping, and standing from a seated position, and they play a role in maintaining posture.

Clinical relevance: Weakness or inhibition of the gluteus medius and minimus can lead to a Trendelenburg gait, where the pelvis drops on the opposite side during mid-stance. Conditions such as gluteal tendinopathy or strains can cause hip pain and reduced mobility, particularly in athletes. Effective training typically emphasizes activation and strengthening of all three muscles to improve hip stability and reduce injury risk.