Glukosemeter

A glucose meter, also called a glucometer, is a portable medical device used to measure the concentration of glucose in a small sample of blood. It is commonly used by people with diabetes to monitor blood sugar levels and help guide diet, medication, and activity. In some languages, such as German, the term Glukosemeter is used.

Most meters require a disposable test strip that is inserted into the device. A drop of blood is applied to the strip, where enzymes such as glucose oxidase or hexokinase react with glucose. The strip then produces an electrical or optical signal that the meter converts into a numerical value, usually shown in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or millimoles per liter (mmol/L). Readings are typically obtained from a fingertip sample, though some meters accept alternate sites.

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) represent a related technology. CGMs use a subcutaneous sensor to measure interstitial glucose levels continuously and transmit data to a reader or smartphone. They provide trend information and alerts but may require periodic calibration with finger-prick readings.

Use of glucose meters is widespread in home and clinical settings for diabetes management and, in some cases, benchmarking between meals, activity, and medication. Readings must be interpreted in the context of individual targets set by healthcare providers, which can vary by age, pregnancy, and other factors.

Accuracy and reliability can be affected by factors such as hematocrit, temperature, altitude, sample volume, and user technique. Some meters are factory calibrated, while others require coding or calibration with a lab-controlled sample. Proper storage and disposal of strips and devices are recommended to ensure reliability and safety.