Glikációs

Glikációs, also known as glycation, refers to a non-enzymatic chemical reaction between reducing sugars and proteins or lipids. This process results in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which can accumulate in the body over time. Glycation is a natural biochemical process that occurs continuously in living organisms, particularly in the presence of elevated blood sugar levels.

The reaction begins when a sugar molecule, such as glucose or fructose, binds to a protein or lipid through a process called Maillard reaction. Initially, this forms a reversible Schiff base, which then rearranges into an Amadori product. Over time, these intermediates undergo further modifications, leading to the formation of stable AGEs. While some AGEs are harmless, others can contribute to cellular dysfunction and tissue damage.

Chronic hyperglycemia, commonly associated with diabetes mellitus, accelerates glycation, increasing the risk of complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. AGEs can also influence aging by cross-linking collagen and elastin fibers in the skin, leading to reduced elasticity and wrinkles. Additionally, AGEs have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and other age-related conditions.

Dietary factors play a significant role in glycation. Foods high in sugar and processed carbohydrates can promote the formation of AGEs, both internally and externally. External AGEs, found in fried or grilled foods, can also contribute to increased AGE levels in the body when consumed. Strategies to mitigate glycation include maintaining balanced blood sugar levels, adopting a low-glycemic diet, and reducing intake of high-AGE foods.

Research into glycation continues to explore potential therapeutic interventions, such as AGE inhibitors and advanced glycation end-product receptors (RAGE) antagonists, which may help reduce the harmful effects of AGEs on health. Understanding glycation provides insights into aging, chronic diseases, and the importance of lifestyle modifications in promoting long-term well-being.