Gingham

Gingham is a medium-weight, plain-woven fabric made from cotton or cotton blends, known for its checks created by warp and weft dyed yarns. The classic gingham pattern consists of evenly sized checks, typically white paired with a colored dye such as blue, red, or black. Because both warp and weft may be dyed, the pattern forms in a two-color or multi-color grid; plain weave is simple and the texture is smooth with a slight crispness.

Origin and history: The origin of gingham's name is unclear. The fabric was produced in Asia and exported to Europe in the 17th century, where it was widely used. By the 18th and 19th centuries, gingham was manufactured in Europe and the United States, becoming a staple for clothing and home textiles. The two-color check pattern became especially associated with mid-20th-century fashion.

Variations: Gingham comes in varying check sizes from micro-gingham with tiny 1-2 mm squares to large buffalo-check patterns. While traditionally cotton, gingham is also found in blends such as polyester-cotton and in synthetic fibers. The fabric can be crisp or softer depending on yarn composition and finishing.

Uses and care: Commonly used for shirts, dresses, skirts, tablecloths, napkins, curtains, and upholstery accents. It is typically machine washable; avoid high heat to prevent shrinkage, and it may require light ironing.