Genêt

Genêt is the French common name for several shrubs in the legume family (Fabaceae), notably those in the genera Cytisus and Genista. These plants are commonly known in English as broom. Genêts are typically erect or sprawling shrubs with slender branches, often thorny, and small, simple leaves. The most recognizable feature is the display of abundant yellow pea-like flowers arranged in racemes in spring or early summer, though flowering can vary by species and climate.

Taxonomy and distribution: The name Genêt covers numerous species, including Cytisus scoparius (Scotch broom) and Genista tinctoria (dyer’s greenweed), among others. In horticulture, they are valued for rapid growth, drought tolerance, and their ability to stabilize poor soils. They are widely cultivated in temperate regions and can naturalize outside cultivation, at times becoming invasive.

Ecology and cultivation: Genêts prefer full sun and well-drained soils. They are nitrogen-fixers, contributing to soil fertility in poor sites. They attract pollinators and provide early-season nectar. Propagation is by seed or semi-hardwood cuttings; many cultivars and hybrids exist for ornamental use.

Uses and hazards: Historically, some species were used for yellow dyes. Many broom species contain alkaloids such as cytisine; ingestion can be toxic to humans and livestock. Handling is generally safe, but livestock should be kept away from flowering plants in sensitive settings.

Notes: The term Genêt is primarily used in French contexts; outside of France, these plants are usually referred to as broom or ginestra in other languages.