Generatorn

The generatorn, or the generator, is a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is a central component in power generation, used in utility grids, industrial plants, and portable backup systems. The term is most often used in Swedish-language contexts.

By rotating a conductor within a magnetic field, electromagnetic induction induces an electrical current. In most large machines the rotor is driven by a turbine or internal combustion engine. Generators are designed to produce alternating current (AC); DC generators exist but are less common in modern grids, where rectification is used to obtain DC when needed.

The most common large generators are synchronous machines connected to the power grid, producing constant-frequency AC. Induction generators are used in some wind turbines. Portable and emergency generators are typically small synchronous or brushless alternators with integrated controls. In many cases DC generators use a commutator and are found in older equipment or specialized applications.

In power stations, generators convert the shaft work of turbines into electricity, with voltage and reactive power controlled by excitation systems and governors. In vehicles, alternators supply electrical systems while the engine runs. In standbys, generators provide electricity during outages.

Generators require cooling, lubrication, and monitoring of vibration, alignment, and insulation. Poor maintenance can reduce efficiency or cause failures. Safety concerns include electrical shock, hot surfaces, and exhaust in combustion-based units.