Gastroskopiaa

Gastroskopia, also known as gastroscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), is an endoscopic examination of the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract. It uses a flexible tube with a light and camera (endoscope) to visualize the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine (duodenum). The procedure is typically performed by a gastroenterologist.

During the procedure, the patient may be sedated or given local anesthesia to reduce discomfort. The endoscope is passed through the mouth and gently advanced through the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum while the physician examines the mucosa for abnormalities. The endoscope can also be used to obtain tissue biopsies, remove polyps, stop bleeding, or perform other therapeutic interventions such as dilation of strictures or placement of stents, all in a single session if needed.

Indications for gastroskopia include unexplained upper abdominal pain or dyspepsia, persistent nausea or vomiting, suspected ulcers or gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, anemia of unknown origin, upper GI bleeding, and surveillance of known lesions or cancer. Preparation typically involves fasting for several hours and coordination of medications, particularly anticoagulants, with the treating clinician.

Risks are generally low but can include sore throat, temporary discomfort, infection, perforation, bleeding, or adverse reactions to sedation. Aftercare usually involves monitoring until the effects of sedation wear off, followed by a gradual return to eating as advised. Gastroskopia is a widely used, diagnostic and therapeutic tool for upper GI evaluation.