Gabbiano

Gabbiano is the Italian common name for gulls, seabirds of the family Laridae. The term refers to several species of medium- to large-sized birds that inhabit coastal areas, islands and inland waters.

In taxonomic terms, gabbiani belong to the order Charadriiformes and to the family Laridae. The traditional genus Larus includes many species commonly called gabbiani, although some classifications place several of these in other genera such as Chroicocephalus.

Description and behavior: Adults are generally medium- to large-sized seabirds with long wings, a strong bill and webbed feet. Plumage varies among species and ages, but many have white heads and underparts with gray backs and dark-tipped wings. Juveniles are typically brownish and speckled. Gabbiani are opportunistic feeders, taking fish, crustaceans, insects, eggs and scavenged food.

Habitat and reproduction: They breed in colonies on cliffs, islands or coastal plains, constructing simple nests and laying two to three eggs. They are highly adaptable and often exploit human activities, such as harbors and landfills, for foraging.

Distribution and conservation: Gabbiani are found in temperate and some subtropical regions worldwide, on coastlines in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. In Italy they are common along many coastal areas and in urban harbor environments. Most gull species are of least concern, but local populations can be affected by changes in food availability, pollution and invasive species.