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GNUHurd

GNU Hurd is the collection of server software that, together with the Mach microkernel, forms the GNU project's Unix-like operating system. It aims to be a complete, free software replacement for Unix, built entirely from free components.

Architecture: Hurd uses a multiserver architecture in which the kernel provides only basic primitives such as

Development and status: Development began in the 1990s as a free alternative to Unix. Progress has been

Licensing and ecosystem: The Hurd and its user-space components are released under free software licenses, primarily

Significance: The Hurd embodies the GNU project's emphasis on freedom, modularity, and security through separation of

IPC
and
resource
management,
while
system
services
run
as
separate
user-space
processes.
File
systems,
network
protocols,
password
and
authentication
services,
and
device
drivers
are
implemented
as
independent
servers.
A
capability-based
model
governs
access
to
resources,
and
the
namespace
is
assembled
from
translator
components
that
can
mount
file
systems
and
present
data
in
flexible
ways.
slow,
and
the
project
has
remained
experimental
rather
than
production-ready.
Debian
GNU/Hurd
and
other
ports
exist,
but
hardware
support
and
ease
of
installation
are
limited
compared
with
more
common
operating
systems.
the
GNU
General
Public
License,
with
other
licenses
as
appropriate.
It
runs
on
top
of
the
Mach
family
of
microkernels;
GNU
Mach
is
a
widely
used
reference
implementation.
concerns,
and
it
illustrates
an
alternative
path
to
Unix-like
operating
system
design
based
on
a
multiserver,
capability-based
model.