GEBCO

GEBCO, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, is an international organization that coordinates and disseminates bathymetric data and maps of the seafloor. It operates under the auspices of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, bringing together national hydrographic offices, research institutions, and other partners to improve knowledge of ocean depths and topography.

The project has its roots in early 20th‑century efforts to establish a coordinated global chart of ocean depths. In its modern form, GEBCO coordinates international data collection, standardization, and publication of bathymetric information and maintains a global gateway to ocean floor data and products.

Key GEBCO activities include producing the GEBCO Grid, a global gridded bathymetric model, and maintaining the GEBCO Gazetteer, a comprehensive directory of known seafloor topography and data sources. It also promotes data standards and coordinates capacity building through member institutions.

A major current initiative is Seabed 2030, launched in 2017 with support from the Nippon Foundation. Seabed 2030 aims to map the entire world’s ocean floor by 2030, integrating multibeam sonar surveys, ship soundings, and satellite-derived bathymetry from contributing countries and organizations.

GEBCO data products are widely used by scientists, navigators, and educators. The organization emphasizes open data access and collaboration, encouraging contributions from coastal and academic institutions to improve the accuracy and resolution of global bathymetry.

Governance is provided by the GEBCO Steering Group, which includes IHO and IOC representatives and regional focal points. Regional and national partners participate through commissions, projects, and community cooperation to advance seabed mapping worldwide.