Förderband

Förderband, or conveyor belt, is a machine for moving materials along a prescribed path by means of a continuous belt loop. The belt, often made of rubber, PVC, or polyurethane, is reinforced with fabric plies or steel cords and runs over rollers or idlers. A drive pulley powered by an electric motor provides movement; a belt tensioner keeps the belt taut, and a frame supports the system. Conveyors can transport items horizontally, inclined, or declined and may include chutes, transfer points, and sensors to regulate flow.

Common configurations include flat belt conveyors for general transport, trough belt conveyors for bulk materials, modular belt conveyors for curved paths, and vertical or curved variants to save space. Belt materials and finishes are selected for the environment; food-grade belts for hygienic handling, anti-static versions for electronics, and weather-resistant belts for outdoors.

Applications span manufacturing, warehousing, mining, agriculture, and logistics. Advantages include continuous transport, high throughput, and reduced manual handling. Limitations include belt wear and potential jams, energy use, and the need for regular maintenance of drive, tracking, and bearings.

Safety and maintenance are essential: guards and emergency stops, regular belt tension and tracking checks, cleaning, lubrication of bearings, and timely replacement of worn components. Standards and best practices vary by region and sector.