Fotóöregedés

Fotóöregedés, often translated as photoaging, refers to the premature aging of the skin caused by repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and artificial sources like tanning beds. This type of skin aging is distinct from intrinsic aging, which is the natural, genetically determined process of aging that occurs over time.

The primary mechanism behind photoaging is the damage that UV radiation inflicts on collagen and elastin, the proteins responsible for maintaining the skin's structure and elasticity. UV rays, particularly UVA, penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, leading to the breakdown of these crucial components. This breakdown results in visible signs of aging that appear earlier and are more pronounced than would be expected from chronological age alone.

Common signs of photoaging include wrinkles, fine lines, loss of skin elasticity, sagging skin, and a leathery texture. Pigmentation changes are also a hallmark, with the development of sunspots (lentigines), freckles, and uneven skin tone. Blood vessels may become more prominent, leading to telangiectasias, commonly known as spider veins. Furthermore, photoaging can increase the risk of developing precancerous lesions and skin cancers.

Prevention is key in combating photoaging. Consistent and proper use of broad-spectrum sunscreen with a high SPF is the most effective method to protect the skin from UV damage. Other preventative measures include seeking shade during peak sun hours, wearing protective clothing such as hats and long sleeves, and avoiding tanning beds altogether. While the damage from photoaging cannot be entirely reversed, treatments like retinoids, chemical peels, laser therapy, and microneedling can help to improve its appearance.