Foglalkoztatottság

Foglalkoztatottság refers to the state of being employed or the level of employment in an economy. In statistical usage, it commonly denotes the employment rate, the share of the working-age population that is employed. Foglalkoztatottság is distinct from unemployment (munkanélküliség). The latter measures people who are without work but actively seeking employment, while foglalkoztatottság measures those who have jobs or are self-employed.

Measurement follows ILO guidelines: employed people are those who worked for pay or profit during the reference period, or who were temporarily away from their job; it includes part-time and self-employed work; it excludes those not seeking work or not available for work. In Hungary, as in most European statistics, foglalkoztatottság is reported as the employment rate of the working-age population (with breakdowns by age, gender, and sector). Data are produced by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (KSH) and compiled in Eurostat and OECD datasets for international comparison.

Factors influencing foglalkoztatottság include demographics (aging populations), educational attainment and skill alignment, the structure of the economy, and the business cycle. Policy measures aimed at raising employment typically include active labor market programs, wage or training subsidies, childcare support, and reforms to tax and regulatory frameworks affecting work incentives and job creation.

Limitations of the measure include data lags, definitional differences across regions, and incomplete coverage of informal or precarious work.