Focalin

Focalin is a brand name for dexmethylphenidate, a central nervous system stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. It is available as an immediate-release preparation (Focalin) and an extended-release preparation (Focalin XR).

Dexmethylphenidate is the dextrorotatory enantiomer of methylphenidate. It acts by increasing dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain through inhibition of their reuptake and enhancement of release, which can improve attention, impulse control, and activity regulation in ADHD.

Focalin is indicated as part of a treatment plan for ADHD and is used alone or with behavioral therapy. Dosing is individualized and monitored by a clinician to achieve therapeutic benefit while minimizing adverse effects. The XR formulation is designed for once-daily dosing; the IR form is typically taken in divided doses.

Common adverse effects include reduced appetite, weight loss, stomach upset, insomnia, anxiety, headache, and increased heart rate or blood pressure. Serious risks include potential for abuse and dependence, cardiovascular events in susceptible individuals, growth suppression in children, and psychiatric symptoms. Focalin is a Schedule II controlled substance and should not be used with certain medications, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and requires medical supervision, especially for patients with cardiac conditions or a history of substance use.

Focalin is one of several methylphenidate-derived stimulants; it may be more potent on a per-milligram basis than the racemic mixture because it contains only the d-enantiomer. It is often considered alongside other methylphenidate formulations in ADHD management.