FiniteDuration

Finite duration refers to a length of time that is bounded by a finite value, as opposed to an infinite duration which is unbounded. It is typically measured in standard time units such as seconds, milliseconds, or nanoseconds, and is represented by a non-negative real number or integer multiple of a unit.

In mathematics and computing, a duration is often modeled as a quantity t such that t ≥ 0. When expressed in a specific unit, the value must be finite. Some contexts distinguish finite durations from indefinite or unbounded ones by enforcing a maximum or by using a fixed-precision type.

In programming, finite duration types are common for timeouts, delays, and scheduling. They enable predictable behavior by constraining wait times. Some libraries include a distinct FiniteDuration type to ensure that durations cannot be infinite; others use a base Duration type with an isFinite property. In distributed or asynchronous systems, finite durations are essential to avoid deadlocks or unending waits.

Examples include a timeout of 5 seconds, or a delay of 250 milliseconds. Units can be converted but must remain finite; some systems may impose minimum resolution, such as 1 millisecond.

Limitations include clock resolution and arithmetic rounding, potential overflow on very large values, and in some environments, time representations may not be monotonic. Finite durations are conceptually simple, yet their correct handling is important for reliable software, simulations, and real-time systems.