Finançació

Finançació refers to the mechanisms and processes by which individuals, organisations, or governments obtain capital to fund activities, projects, or operations. The term is commonly used in finance, public administration, and economic development contexts and is often discussed in relation to financing structures, funding sources, and investment strategies.

Key aspects of finançació include the distinction between equity and debt financing. Equity financing involves the issuance of shares or ownership stakes in a company, providing capital without immediate repayment obligations. Debt financing, by contrast, involves borrowing funds that must be repaid over time with interest. Both methods are employed by businesses to support growth, expand operations, or acquire assets. Public sector finançació may include budgets derived from taxation, public‑private partnerships, or grants from multilateral institutions to finance infrastructure, social programs, or environmental initiatives.

Finançació also encompasses funding mechanisms for research and development, innovation, and venture capital. Governments often provide subsidies, tax incentives, or low‑interest loans to encourage investment in high‑potential sectors. In the European Union, instruments such as the European Investment Bank and Horizon Europe programmes serve as major sources of finançació for research projects and strategic economic development.

Legal and regulatory frameworks influence finançació by setting rules on disclosure, governance, and compliance. Market conditions, such as interest rates, investor sentiment, and credit ratings, also shape the availability and cost of financing. Understanding the interplay between these factors is essential for stakeholders to secure the most appropriate funding mix.

The study of finançació integrates disciplines such as economics, law, accounting, and managerial finance, providing a comprehensive view of how resources are allocated and mobilised within economies and organisations.