Fibromák

Fibromák, also known as fibroid tumors or leiomyomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. They are typically composed of smooth muscle tissue and connective tissue. Fibromák are very common, especially among women of reproductive age. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed that hormones, particularly estrogen, play a role in their development. Genetic factors and the presence of growth factors may also contribute.

The size, number, and location of fibromák can vary greatly. They can grow as single tumors or as multiple masses. Depending on their location within the uterine wall, they are classified into submucosal (beneath the uterine lining), intramural (within the uterine wall), and subserosal (on the outer surface of the uterus). Many women with fibromák experience no symptoms, and the growths are often discovered incidentally during routine pelvic exams or imaging tests.

When symptoms do occur, they can include heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, constipation, and backaches. In some cases, fibromák can interfere with fertility or cause complications during pregnancy. Diagnosis usually involves a pelvic exam, ultrasound, MRI, or hysteroscopy. Treatment options depend on the severity of symptoms, the size and location of the fibromák, and the patient's desire for future fertility. These can range from watchful waiting to medical therapies aimed at shrinking fibromák or controlling bleeding, to surgical interventions such as myomectomy (surgical removal of fibromák) or hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus).