Fibromuskulär

Fibromuskulær dysplasi, often abbreviated as FMD, is a non-atherosclerotic, non-inflammatory vascular disease that causes abnormal cell growth in the walls of arteries. This abnormal growth can lead to narrowing (stenosis), aneurysms (bulging), or dissections (tears) in the affected arteries. FMD most commonly affects the renal arteries, which supply blood to the kidneys, and the carotid arteries, which supply blood to the brain. It can also affect other arteries in the body, including those in the arms, legs, and abdomen.

The exact cause of FMD is unknown, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. It is more common in women than men and often diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 60. Symptoms vary depending on which arteries are affected. Renal artery FMD can lead to high blood pressure and kidney damage, while carotid artery FMD can cause headaches, dizziness, neck pain, and stroke.

Diagnosis of FMD typically involves imaging tests such as Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography to visualize the arteries. Treatment aims to manage symptoms and prevent complications. This may include medications to control blood pressure or blood clots, angioplasty (a procedure to widen narrowed arteries), or surgery in some cases. While FMD is a chronic condition, many individuals can manage it effectively with appropriate medical care.